Narration Basic Rules

Narration or speech has some basic rules. Here I have discussed 5 basic rules of narration or speech. You will get the main idea of changing narration. Here on this page, there are all the post links of changing narration rules as well as narration basic rules.

Narration Definition:

Narration বা speech হলো উক্তি । বক্তার বক্তব্যই হলো উক্তি ।

Narration/Speech দুই প্রকার । যথা-

Types of Narration:

	Direct Speech/Narration	Indirect Speech/Narration
Definition	বক্তার বক্তব্য যখন হুবুহু থাকে, তখন সেটি Direct Narration. এতে বক্তার বক্তব্য প্রত্যক্ষ থাকে । যেমন-	বক্তার বক্তব্য যখন হুবুহু থাকেনা, অন্যের ভাষায় প্রকাশ পায়, তখন সেটি Indirect Narration. যেমন-
Example	Hasan said to Sadia, “I will give you a note tomorrow.”	Hasan told Sadia that he would give her a note the next day.

উপরোক্ত Example টির মাধ্যমে এর কয়েকটি term বা বিষয়ের সংজ্ঞা (definition) জেনে নেই:

Hasan said to sadia অংশটিকে Reporting verb বলা হয় এবং কমা-কোটেশনের ভিতরের “I will give you a note tomorrow” অংশকে বলা হয় Reported speech. So, the structure of a speech sentence is:

______________________, “___________________________”

Reporting verb Reported speech

Here, ,=comma & “ ”=Quotesion.

এখন আমরা উপরোক্ত Example টির মাধ্যমে Narration/Speech এর পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম আলোচনা করব:

Rule 1. Reporting Verb:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Hasan said to Sadia, “I will give you a note tomorrow.”	Hasan told Sadia that he would give her a note the next day.

Note: Direct Speech -এ Reporting verb টি Past tense এর বলে Indirect narration –এ পরিবর্তনের said to জন্য রাখতে পারি বা told লিখতেও পারি । It depends on the sentence type of Reported Speech.

>>To know the details identifying the sentence type: How to identify different types of sentence

>>More about reporting verb with example: Narration rules of reporting verb and linker

Rule 2. , “ ” (comma & quotation)

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Hasan said to Sadia, “I will give you a note tomorrow.”	Hasan told Sadia that he would give her a note the next day.

Note: Direct Narration থেকে Indirect Narration করার সময় , “ ” এর পরিবর্তে Reported speech

এর sentence ভেদে that, if/ whether, to বসে ।

Sentence চেনার উপায় জানতে এই পোষ্টে যাও: How to identify different types of sentence

Comma & Quotation (, “ ”) এর পরিবর্তে : Rules of use of that, if/whether, to according to sentence

Rule 3. Person/Subject & Object:

Reported speech এর subject বা object পরিবর্তন হবে Indirect speech এর subject বা object অনুসারে । যেমন:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Hasan said to Sadia, “I will give you a note tomorrow.”	Hasan told Sadia that he would give her a note the next day.

Note: Direct Narration -এ reported speech এ subject ছিল “I” যা Indirect করার সময় I হলো he (অথাৎ I দ্বারা Hassan কে বোঝানো হয়) এবং You এর জায়গায় হলো her (অর্থাৎ You দ্বারা Sadia কে বুঝানো হয়েছে)

>>See the post for details: Narration rules of person changing

Rule 4. Tense:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Hasan said to Sadia, “I will give you a note tomorrow.”	Hasan told Sadia that he would give her a note the next day.

Note: Reported speech এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে Reporting verb টি যদি past tense হয় । Reporting verb টি যদি present tense বা future tense হয়, তবে Reported speech এর tense এর পরিবর্তন হবে না ।

>>Tense পরিবর্তনের Rule এই লিংকে বিস্তারিত দেওয়া আছে: Narration rules of tense

>>Tense পরিবর্তনের Rule এই লিংকে বিস্তারিত দেওয়া আছে: Narration rules of modal auxiliary verb

Rule:5 Near & Distance Words:

আবারও এই Example টি আমরা দেখব:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Hasan said to Sadia, “I will give you a note tomorrow.”	Hasan told Sadia that he would give her a note the next day.

Note: আমরা দেখতে পাচ্ছি Direct Narration–এ tomorrow এর পরিবর্তে the next day হবে । এগুলিকে বলা হয় near and distance word।

>>সবগুলি Near and distance এর List ও Example দেখতে এই পোস্টে যেতে হবে: Narration rules of near and distance words

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Md Sayed Ali

I am an English Teacher at KGSC, Dhaka. Besides teaching students, I love to work on Digital Marketing, Blogging, Video Editing, Photography & youtube. All of these are my subjects of interest along with I am a freelance web designer and developer with WordPress. I am a business-minded person and very quick to learn and deliver with honesty and dedication.