Transformation
Transformation কে ভাংলে আমরা ২টি আলাদা অংশ পাই । যেমন-Trans এবং formation, যেখানে Trans অর্থ পরিবর্তন এবং formation অর্থ গঠন । সুতরাং ১টি Sentence কে Transformation করার জন্য আমরা Sentence এর গঠনের পরিবর্তন করতে পারব । কোন ভাবেই তার Sentence এর অর্থের পরিবর্তন করতে পারব না ।
যেমন- He is a good boy. অর্থ সে ভাল বালক Sentence এর Negative হবে He is not a good boy. অর্থাৎ সে খারাপ বালক নয় । তেমনিভাবে Structural পরিবর্তন এর মাধ্যমে আমরা Transformation করব ।
Transformation মূলত আমরা ৫ ধরনের Sentence এর করে থাকি । যেমন-
- Transformation of Sentence – According to Meaning
- Transformation of Sentence – According to Structure
- Transformation of Sentence – According to Voice
- Transformation of Sentence – According to Degree
- Transformation of Sentence – According to Speech/Narration
এখন আসি এ Transformation গুলির Details আলোচনায় । এগুলি কত প্রকার ও কিকি ধরনের পরিবর্তন হয় । প্রথমে বলি-
Transformation of Sentence According to Meaning
According to Meaning sentences are of 5 kinds
- Assertive
Assertive Sentence আবার দুই প্রকার ।যথা-
(a) Affirmative sentence
(b) Negative sentence
- Interrogative
- Imperative
- Optative
- Exclamatory
Now read the post: Sentence Definition, types/kinds, example and Exercise
So আমরা দেখতে পাচ্ছি Transformation এর জন্য নিচের Rules গুলি শিখতে হবে ।
Transformation Rules According to Sentence Meaning:
Rule: 1-Affirmative to Negative/Negative to Affirmative-Part-01
Rule: 2-Affirmative to Negative/Negative to Affirmative-Part-02
Rule: 3-Affirmative to Negative/Negative to Affirmative-Part-03
Rule: 4-Assertive to Interrogative/Interrogative to Assertive-Part-01
Rule: 5-Assertive to Interrogative/Interrogative to Assertive-Part-02
Rule: 6-Assertive to Interrogative/Interrogative to Assertive-Part-03
Rule: 7. Assertive to Imperative/ Imperative to Assertive.
Rule: 8. Assertive to Optative/ Optative to Assertive.
Rule: 9. Assertive to Exclamatory/ Exclamatory to Assertive
Degrees:
এবার আসি ২য় যে Transformation type নিয়ে বলেছিলাম ।যেমন-
Degree তিন প্রকার । যেমন-
- Positive Degree
- Comparative Degree
- Superlative Degree
Now read the post: All Basic Idea About Changing of Degree:
So, Transformation Rule দাড়ায়-
- Positive to Comparative/Superlative
- Comparative to Positive/Superlative
- Superlative to Positive/Comparative.
উপরের ৩টি এর মোট ৪(চার) টি শিখলেই সব শেখা যাবে মোটামুটি ।
চারটি হলো-
Rule:1-Use of No other, than any other, the and superlative degree
Rule:2-Use of Very few, than most other, one of the and superlative degree
Rule:3-As—as and more/less—–than
Rule:4-As soon as and No sooner had
Voice
এখন আসি এ Transformation গুলির Changing of voice আলোচনায়। Sentence এর Voice অনুযায়ী voice ২ প্রকার । যথা-
- Active Voice
- Passive Voice
তাই According to voice, Transformation করতে হবে
- Active to Passive
- Passive to Active
Active to passive এর জন্য Rule শিখতে হবে মোট ১৬ টি
Assertive Sentence:
Rule: 0 Now read the post: Voice Change-All basic idea
Rule: 1 Basic Rule (Person/Structure)-Subject & Object
Rule: 2 Basic Rule-Tense (Simple Auxiliary Verb-12 Tenses and Modal Auxiliary Verb-17)
Rule: 3 Basic Rule-Principal Verbs (All Past Participle Form)
Rule: 4 Basic Rule- Prepositions-by/at/on/to/with
Rule: 5 Basic Rule-Subject & Object
Rule: 6- Extra 0bject/Double object
Rule: 7- Compound Sentence/Complex sentence
Rule: 8- Intransitive verb
Rule: 9- Reflexive object, factitive object, Cognate object
Rule: 10- Quasi passive
Rule: 11- Infinitive
Rule: 12-Gerund combination
Rule: 13- One
Interrogative sentence
Rule: 14- Auxiliary verb Rule
Rule: 15- WH question Rule
Imperative sentence
Rule: 16- Imperative sentence
Transformation of Sentence-According to Structure
According to Structure Sentences are of 3 kinds
- Simple Sentence
- Compound Sentence
- Complex Sentence
So transformation will be according to structure
- Simple Sentence to Compound Sentence/ Complex Sentence
- Compound Sentence to Simple Sentence/ Complex Sentence
- Complex Sentence to Simple Sentence/ Compound Sentence
Read the post at first : Transformation of sentence -according to structure Basic Idea
উপরের ৩টি type এর Transformation করার জন্য মোট ১৪টি Rules শিখতে ও জানতে হবে
Rule: 01
Rule: 02
Rule: 03
Rule: 04
Rule: 05
Rule: 06
Rule: 07
Rule: 08
Rule: 09
Rule: 10
Rule: 11
Rule: 12
Rule: 13
Rule: 14
Speech/Narration
এখন আমনা শিখব কিভাবে Speech/Narration এর transformation হয় ।
Speech/Narration ২ প্রকার ।যথা-
Speech অনুযায়ী ২ ধরনের হয় । যথা-
- Direct Speech
- Indirect Speech
সাধারণত আমরা Direct to Indirect Speech শিখে থাকি পরীক্ষার জন্য । আর এই Direct to Indirect Speech করা হয় According to sentence meaning এর উপর নির্ভর করে । So আমরা Sentence এর উপর নির্ভর করে Direct to Indirect করা শিখব ।
Assertive Sentence
Now read the post at first: Changing Speech Basic Rule
Read more of the post: How to identify different types of sentence
Rule: 01 Narration rules of reporting verb and linker
Rule: 02 Narration rules of person changing
Rule: 03 Narration rules of tense
Rule: 04 Narration rules of modal auxiliary verb
Rule: 05 Narration rules of near and distance words
Interrogative Sentence
Rule: 06 Use of Auxiliary Verb
Rule: 07 Use of WH Question
Imperative Sentence
Rule: 08 Use of various reporting verbs
Rule: 09 Use of Addressing
Rule: 10 Use of Addressing
Optative Sentence
Rule: 11
Exclamatory Sentence
Rule: 12
Passage Narration Rules:
Rule: 13
Rule: 14
Rule: 15
Rule: 16
Rule: 17
Rule: 18
Rule: 19
Rule: 20
Md Sayed Ali
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